Разработка урока английского языка по теме: «Праздники, традиции в США и Великобритании»
Цель: ознакомление учащихся с праздниками и традициями в англоязычных странах
Задачи:
воспитательная: воспитывать у учащихся чувство уважения к истории и культуре страны изучаемого языка, а через это и к своей национальной культуре;
практическая: провести практику речевой деятельности и аудирования, развивать навыки чтения текста с извлечением необходимой информации;
развивающая: развитие творческой фантазии и инициативы в осуществлении иноязычной речевой деятельности, а также развитие познавательных интересов учащихся.
Оборудование: плакаты, поделки и рисунки, выполненные учащимися и демонстрирующие главную идею праздника; карточки с текстом по данной теме, компьютер, мультимедиапроектор.
Ход урока
1. Организационный момент:
T: – Good morning, everybody! I’m very glad to see you at today’s lesson. How are you?
Ps: – Fine, thanks. And how are you?
T: – I’m fine too. Thank you. Boys and girls, we have talked a lot about the United States and Great Britain. We have spoken about the political systems in these countries, about big cities, about the population, nature, geography, but it seems to me we haven’t spoken enough about national holidays, traditions and superstitions.
At this lesson some of you will tell us about Christmas Day, New Year’s Day, and St.Valentaine’s Day, about Easter, Mother’s Day, about Independence Day in the USA and other holidays and traditions. Let’s begin with Christmas Day.
2. Развитие навыка монолога.
P1: (показывает открытки-поздравления с Рождеством, чулок с подарками и красивый венок, который англичане вешают накануне на входной двери. Затем рассказывает о Рождестве):
“Christmas Day is celebrated on the 25th of December. In America it is the most important holiday of the year. Christmas is a family holiday. Shops, post-offices, banks and business houses are closed for the day. Schools and colleges close between Christmas and the New Year’s Day.
People stay at home and spend the time with their families. Everybody is buying Christmas presents for friends and relations. People send cards or Christmas greetings to their friends. They wish their friends “Marry Christmas “and “A Happy New Year”.
Every family tries to have a Christmas tree, which is decorated with coloured lights. They also hang little toys, sweets on the tree and they put present under the tree.
When the day before the vacation begins, schools have Christmas parties. Children sing carols. They recite poems.”
Ученики исполняют песню “Jingle, Bells” и читают стихи.
“Little children believe that when they are asleep Santa Claus (or Father Frost) comes to visit them with a big bag of toys. They often hang up large stockings to receive the presents.
On Christmas morning children look into their stockings and see their gifts.
The grown-ups save their own presents till breakfast-time. After breakfast they go to church and the children play with their new toys and the mother prepares dinner. Usually the whole family has a big Christmas dinner in the afternoon or evening”.
P2 (делает дополнительное сообщение о Рождестве в Англии):
“In England, as in the United States, Christmas Day is celebrated on the 25th of December. The English people send and receive Christmas cards, gifts, presents. Children especially wait for this marry holiday. All families gather together for Christmas dinner. They eat chicken, turkey, duck, goose and pudding, pies for the sweet”.
P3 (показывает новогодние открытки и рассказывает о Новом годе):
“The 1st of January is New Year’s Day. It is customary for people to remain awake until after midnight on December 31st so that you may “watch the old year out and the new year in.
Many parties are given on this night. The theatres, night clubs and restaurants are crowded.
When midnight comes, everyone at the party stops whatever they have been doing to greet the new year.
The favourite song at a New Year’s Eve party is “Old Lang Syne”. It was written by Robert Burns. The marry makers always sing part of it.
People gather in the streets of big cities, they make noise in every way they can.
Учащиеся поют два куплета песни “Old Lang Syne”.
T: On the 14th of February the English and the Americans celebrate Saint Valentine’s Day. One of you will tell us about this holiday.
P4 (показывает свои рисунки и рассказывает о дне Святого Валентина): “St.Valentine’s Day is not a legal or national holiday. Banks and offices do not close, but it is a happy little festival, especially for children and young people. It is celebrated among persons of all ages. A “valentine” may mean a special greeting card or a little present. It may also be a person who receives a gift.
The greeting cards are often coloured, have red trimmings and pictures of hearts.
The day is a time to send little gifts to those you love. Flowers and candy are favourite presents which sweethearts send each other. Valentine candy is packed in red heart-shaped boxes and sold for this one day. It is a favourite day for parties, especially by young people. The hosts trim the hall with red and white paper streamers and hearts”
T: Songs such as the following became popular during the early years of the 20th century in the United States. These songs for sweethearts were usually sung in four-part harmony without musical instruments. Groups who sang these songs became known as Barbershop Quartets because barbers sang them in their shops as they cut hair.
“Let Me Call You Sweetheart” was written by Beth Slater Whitson and Leo Friedman.
Учащиеся исполняют песню “Let me call you sweetheart”
Let me call you sweetheart
I’m in love with you
Let me hear your whisper
That you love me, too.
Keep the lovelight glowing
In your eyes so true.
Let me call you sweetheart,
I’m in love with you.
T: You know that the Americans celebrate Mother’s Day in May and Father’s Day in June. Now we’ll hear about these holidays.
P5 (показывает открытки, рисунки по теме и рассказывает об этих праздниках):
“Mother’s Day comes on the second Sunday in May. This is a day when Americans honour their mothers. Most mothers like to celebrate this day with the whole family. Many people send their mothers a card or a gift. Some people take their mothers to a restaurant for dinner.
It is the custom to carry a red or pink flower, if one’s mother is living. It is the custom to carry a white flower if one’s mother is dead.
Father’s Day comes on the third Sunday in June. Many people send their fathers a card or a gift.
During the autumn some colleges celebrate Dad’s Day. They honour their fathers among the members and friends of the college”.
T: Now we shall speak about a very great holiday, Easter.
P6 (показывает раскрашенные яйца, открытки и рассказывает о пасхе):
“Every country has its traditions. In England traditions play a very important part in the life of the people.
Easter comes on a Sunday between March and April. Just before Easter the schools and colleges usually close. The students have a week or ten days of spring vacation.
Easter is a church holiday. Easter marks the end of winter and the beginning of spring.
At Easter people buy new clothes to wear on Easter Sunday. There is a popular belief that wearing three new things on Easter will bring good luck in the year. After church services many people like to take walks down the street in their new Easter hats and suits. This colourful procession of people dressed in new spring clothes is called the “Easter Parade”.
Another custom is decorating eggs for children. In many parts of the country eggs are hidden in the yards and the children have to find them. Little children believe the Easter rabbit comes and leaves the eggs for them. That’s why the Easter candy is made in the form off eggs, little chickens and rabbits. Eggs are the symbol of new life.
An old English custom is to roll hard-boiled eggs down a hill. The last egg to break brings good luck to the one who has rolled it”.
T: Now we shall hear about the national holiday in America. It is Independence Day.
P7 (рассказывает о Дне независимости):
“On July4, 1776, a group of Americans representing the thirteen British colonies on the Atlantic coast of North America signed a document stating that these colonies had the right to be free and independent. This document is known as the Declaration of Independence. July4 is celebrated by Americans as a national holiday, Independence Day.
There is a building in Philadelphia which is called Independence Hall. Here the Declaration was signed. On the building is the famous Liberty Bell which rang to tell the people in the street that a new country had been born”.
T: On the 30th of May the Americans celebrate Memorial Day. It is a national holiday. Schools, banks and offices close for the day. On that day Americans honour the servicemen who gave their lives in past wars. Schools, clubs and churches decorate cemeteries.
If you listen to the radio or TV on Memorial Day you may hear many patriotic songs, especially songs of the Civil War.
Now we shall listen to the story of another holiday. Many years ago people believed in devils and witches. Children pun on masks and went to the streets to beg. It was Halloween Day. Children celebrate this Day now too.
P8 (показывает тыкву со свечой внутри и рассказывает о празднике Halloween Day):
“Halloween is the day or evening before All Saint’s Day. Many Halloween stories and games are hundreds of years old. Then people believed in devils, witches and ghosts.
American children celebrate Beggar’s Night as Irish children did in the 17th century. They dress up in Halloween costumes and go into the streets to beg.
They often wear masks over their faces. They carry baskets and bags. They go from house to house and knock on the door. They ring the bell. When people come to the door, the children say, “Trick or treat! Trick or treat!” meaning “Give us a treat or we’ll play a trick on you”. People give the children sweets, cookies and apples.
A favourite Halloween custom is to make a jack-o’-lantern. The children scrape out a pumpkin and cut the eyes, mouth and nose.
They light a candle inside the pumpkin to scare their friends. They set jack-o’-lanterns in the window”.
T: Now we’ll hear about different superstitions in England.
P9: Superstitions exist in almost every country.
Some people in Britain are certain that if they put new shoes on a table, they will have bad luck.
The English won’t kill a spider, especially the small red spiders called money spiders, as this is very unlucky.
Other animals are symbols of luck. In England black cats bring good luck, but in other countries they bring bad luck.
White horses are also lucky, but in some places you must cross your fingers until you see a dog or you will have bad luck.
The most unlucky thing you can do is to break a mirror. This brings seven years of bad luck.
If you see a pin and pick it up, all the day you’ll have good luck. See a pin and let it lie, you’ll have a bad luck until you die.
The number 13 is the most unlucky number, and a combination of Friday and number 13 is a day of disaster for superstitious people.
It is unlucky to walk under a ladder.
T: You have listened to the description of some holidays and traditions in the United States and Great Britain. Of course there are many other holidays and traditions in these countries. I’ll tell you about some traditions in Great Britain.
When an ambassador was going to the Queen’s party, he went there in a coach. It was a tradition
The next tradition. In Great Britain the main streets are decorated on the eve Christmas.
There is another tradition in Great Britain. The changing of the Guard takes place at Buckingham Palace at 11.30 every day. It is a tradition in London.
3. Развитие навыков аудирования.
T: And now let’s watch a film about a national holiday in the United States – Thanksgiving Day.
Новые слова:
Pilgrim – 1) паломник, 2) странник;
Pilgrim Fathers – английские колонисты, поселившиеся в Америке в 1621 г;
Turkey – индейка;
Pumpkin pie – тыквенный пирог.
Учащиеся прочитывают новые слова, затем смотрят небольшой видеофильм
“Thanksgiving Day”
4. Чтение текста “Thanksgiving Day”
5. Проверка понимания информации, полученной из текста и дополнительного источника.
Is Thanksgiving Day a national holiday in the USA?
When is this holiday celebrated?
Who was the first to celebrate this holiday?
Do the churches hold Thanksgiving Day services?
Where do all members of the family gather during this holiday?
What does the family eat at traditional dinner?
What do many people do after dinner?
6. Разучивание песни “Over the river, and through the woods”
Over the river, and through the woods.
American children still sing this song as they look forward to spending Thanksgiving with grandparents. It was written around 1860 by Lydia Maria Child.
Over the river, and through the woods,
To grandmother’s house we go;
The horse knows the way,
To carry the sleigh,
Through the white and drifted snow.
Over the river, and through the woods –
Oh, how the wind does blow!
It stings the toes,
And bites the nose,
As over the ground we go.
7. Домашнее задание: подготовить сообщение о Дне благодарения.
Приложение
Let me call you sweetheart.
Songs such as the following became popular during the early years of the 20th century in the United States. These songs for sweethearts were usually sung in four-part harmony without musical instruments. Groups who sang these songs became known as Barbershop Quartets because barbers sang them in their shops as they cut hair.
“Let Me Call You Sweetheart” was written by Beth Slater Whitson and Leo Friedman.
Let me call you sweetheart
I’m in love with you
Let me hear your whisper
That you love me, too.
Keep the lovelight glowing
In your eyes so true.
Let me call you sweetheart,
I’m in love with you.
Auld Lang Syne.
Should auld acquaintance be forgot,
And never brought to mind?
Should auld acquaintance be forgot,
And days of auld lang syne?
For auld lang syne, my dear,
For auld lang syne.
We’ll take a cup of kindness yet
For auld lang syne.
Jingle Bells.
Dashing through the snow
In a one-horse open sleigh,
O’er the fields we go
Laughing all the way.
Bells on bob-tails ring,
Making spirits bright.
What fun it is to ride and sing
A sleighing song tonight!
Refrain:
Jingle, bells! Jingle, bells!
Jingle all the way!
Oh, what fun it is to ride
In a one-horse open sleigh!
A day or two ago
I thought I’d take a ride,
And soon Miss Fannie Bright
Was seated by my side;
The horse was lean and lank,
Misfortune seemed his lot,
He got into a drifted bank,
And we, we got upsot.
Refrain:
Now the ground is white,
Go it while you’re young,
Take the girls tonight,
And sing this sleighing song.
Just get a bobtailed bay,
Two-forty for his speed,
Then hitch him to an open sleigh,
And crack! you’ll take the lead.
Refrain:
