Государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение среднего профессионального образования Нижегородской области
«Краснобаковский лесной колледж»
Методические указания к курсу английского языка
для студентов I курса 5 часть
Тема 11. Россия, ее национальные символы, государственное и политическое устройство
Тема 12. Англоговорящие страны, географическое положение, климат, флора и фауна, национальные символы, государственное и политическое устройство, наиболее развитые отрасли экономики, достопримечательности, традиции
Составили:
преподаватели
иностранного языка
Воронина М.В.,
Булкина Т.А.
Красные Баки
2021 год
Lesson 1
The Russian Federation
1. Match the words with their translations:
| country to wash to cover to border scenery steppes plains desert mountain chain to flow oil iron ore copper legislative power to exercise complicated to decrease | Осуществлять Протекать Покрывать Пейзаж Равнины Пустыни Нефть Железная руда Медь Граничить Степи Омывать Страна Уменьшаться Сложный Горная цепь Законодательная власть |
2. Read and translate the text.
The Russian Federation is the largest country in the world. It occupies about one-seventh of the earth’s surface. It covers the eastern part of Europe and the Northern part of Asia. Its total area is about 17 million square kilometers, the population is about 150 million. The country is washed by 12 seas of 3 oceans: the Pacific, the Arctic and the Atlantic. In the south Russia borders on China, Mongolia, Korea, Kazakhstan, Georgia and Azerbaijan. In the west it borders on Norway, Finland, the Baltic States, Belorussia, the Ukraine. It also has a sea-border with the USA.
There is hardly a country in the world where such a variety of scenery and vegetation can be found. We have steppes in the south, plains and forests in the midland, tundra and taiga in the north, highlands and deserts in the east.
There are two great plains in Russia: the Great Russian Plain and the West Siberian Lowland.
There are several mountain chains on the territory of the country: the Urals, the Caucasus, the Altai and others. The largest mountain chain, the Urals, separates Europe from Asia.
There are over two million rivers in Russia. Europe’s biggest river, the Volga, flows into the Caspian Sea. The main Siberian rivers – the Ob, the Yenisei and the Lena – flow from the south to the north. The Amur in the Far East flows into the Pacific Ocean.
Russia is rich in beautiful lakes. The largest lakes are Lake Peipus, Lake Khanka, Lake Ladoga, Lake Onega. The world’s deepest lake (1,600 metres) is Lake Baikal. It is much smaller that the Baltic Sea, but there is much more water in it than in the Baltic Sea. The water in the lake is so clear that if you look down you can count the stones on the bottom.
Russia has one-sixth of the world’s forests. They are concentrated in the European north of the country, in Siberia and in the Far East.
On the vast territory of the country there are various types of climate, from arctic in the north to subtropical in the south. In the middle of the country the climate is temperate and continental.
Russia is very rich in oil, coal, iron ore, natural gas, copper, nickel and other mineral resources.
Russia is a parliamentary republic. The Head of State is the President. The legislative powers are exercised by the Duma.
The capital of Russia is Moscow. It is its largest political, scientific, cultural and industrial centre. It is one of the oldest Russian cities.
At present, the political and economic situation in the country is rather complicated. There are a lot of problems in the national economy of the Russian Federation. The industrial production is decreasing. The prices are constantly rising, the rate of inflation is very high. People are losing their jobs because many factories and plants are going bankrupt.
But in spite of the problems Russia is facing at present, there are a lot of opportunities for this country to become one of the leading countries in the world. I’m sure that we, the younger generation, can do very much to make Russia as strong and powerful as it used to be.
3. Answer the questions:
Where is Russia located?
What is the population of Russia?
What countries does Russia border on?
What kind of surface can you find in Russia?
Where does the Volga flow into?
What kind of state is the Russian Federation?
What is the capital of Russia?
4. Define whether these statements are False or True:
1) Russia is a small country.
2) It occupies about one seventh of dry land.
3) Its total area is over 150 million square kilometers.
4) Russia is washed by three oceans.
5) Russia is located in the taiga.
6) The Urals is the longest mountain chain. It separates Europe from Asia.
7) There are one type of climate on the territory of Russia.
8) The Baikal is the deepest lake in the world.
9) Russia has few natural resources.
10) The Russian Federative Republic is a Monarchy.
5. Complete the sentences:
1. The total area of Russia is ………
2. The country is washed by ……….
3. The symbols of Russia are……..
4.Most part of Russia has ………………climate with cold winters and hot summers.
5.The deepest lake in the world is ……
6. Match the words with the opposites meaning
| shallow high rich far wide cold damp long vast | poor dry near short deep small low narrow warm |
7. Read the facts and try retell them:
Russia is the largest country in the world.
It takes 10 hours to cross it by plane.
A train journey from Moscow to Vladivostok on the Trans-Siberian Express takes 6 days.
Russia has 10 time zones.
Russia stretches from the Baltic Sea to the Pacific Ocean.
The Volga is the longest river in Europe.
Russia has a wide range of climates.
Russia has harsh winters with lots of snow, but the summers are quite warm. The temperature is from +20 degrees to -25 degrees.
Lake Baikal is 636 km long and 80 km wide. It’s the biggest fresh water reservoir. The water is very clean.
Mount Elbrus is the highest peak in the country.
Steppes cover all the South of Russia. They have rich black soil.
Tundra is frozen most of the year. There aren’t any trees there. Reindeer live there.
Taiga is a thick forest with a lot of dark pines, fir and cedar trees. Many species of wildlife live there.
8. Write the names of the cities and when they were founded.
| City | Date of foundation |
| St. Petersburg Nizhniy Novgorod Yaroslavl Vladimir Rostov Pskov Suzdal Novgorod | |
Lesson 2
Future Simple Tense
1) Будущее простое время
2) Действие, относящееся к будущему
3) Указатели времени:
tomorrow – завтра
in a week – через неделю
next year – в следующем году
next time – в следующий раз
4) Вспомогательные глаголы
shall ( только с I, we)
will ( со всеми остальными)
Употребляются во всех предложениях
5) Положительное предложение
I, We V1
shall 
V1
will
6) Отрицательное предложение
I, We V1
shall not
V1
will not
shall not = shan’t
will not = won’t
7) Общий вопрос
I, we V1
Shall ?
V1
Will
8) Специальный вопрос
I, we V1
Wh. shall ?
V1
Wh. will ?
№1. Сделай предложения отрицательными
1. I will invite my friends tomorrow.
2. They will go to the theatre in a week.
3. Alex will watch a new film next Tuesday.
4. Boris will take a bath next Saturday.
5. The students will speak English in a month.
№2. Сделай предложения утвердительными
1. We won’t play basketball next lesson.
2. You will not translate the text tomorrow.
3. Sveta and Nick won’t read the book.
4. She will not sing a song next concert.
5. I won’t drink coffee tomorrow.
№3. Спишите предложение и подчеркните слово с ошибкой
He takes a shower tomorrow.
Did they read an interesting magazine next Sunday?
Kate will played chess in a month.
Where does he study English next week?
Vlad will swam in the river next summer.
№4. Составь предложение из слов
go, we, sleep, will, in an hour?
drink, will, Kate, what, for breakfast?
won’t, read, they, magazines.
give, when, my, will, father, me, a car?
birthday, Vlad, get, will, a present, his, for.
№5. Составь общий и специальный вопросы к предложениям:
Alice will buy a book next Sunday.
We will learn to play the guitar next month.
Ivan and Kate will go to the cinema tomorrow.
I will have my lunch in an hour.
You will write a test next lesson.
№6. Составьте предложения используя фразы I think I’ll... или I think I won’t....
Examples: It’s cold. You decide to close the window. – I think I’ll close the window.
It’s raining You decide not to go out - I think I won’t go out.
You feel tired. You decide to go to bed – I………………………………………..
A friend of yours offers you a lift in his car but you decide to walk. - Thank you but I.……....
You arranged to play tennis. Now you decide that you don’t want to play………….
You were going to go swimming. Now you decide that you don’t want to go………
№7. Ответьте на вопросы используя слова в скобках
Example:
When do you think he’ll arrive? (expect / tonight) - I expect he’ll arrive tonight.
What do you think she’ll say? (probably/nothing) She ......…………………...
Where do you think she’ll go? (expect / London) I ..............…………………
When do you think she’ll leave? (think / tomorrow) I ……………..................
How do you think she’ll go there? (expect / by train) I ……………….............
When do you think she’ll be back? (think /quite soon) I ………………….......
Do you think you’ll miss her? (I’m sure /very much) Yes, ……………….......
Lesson 3
Political system of Russia
№1. Переведите слова, словосочетания и предложения с выделенными словами:
1. Russia’s Parliament - Российский Парламент
The first elected parliament; a parliamentary monarchy; two houses of parliament
2. to elect –- избирать, выбирать
Elections; election votes; the percentage of election votes; an elector; an elected deputy; an elected chairman; an electoral reform; The head of the state is elected by people.
3. The State Duma –- Государственная Дума
The first State Duma was elected in 1906. The State Duma is a house of parliament.
4. The Federation Council — Совет Федерации
Members of the Federation Council; The Federation Council is a house of parliament.
5. vote --- голосование
popular vote; election vote; vote to the parliament.
6. to lead –- лидировать
Leading position; a party leader; a leading party; The party “United Russia” has the leading position.
7. to be set up –- создаваться
is set up; will be set up; was set up; The Russian Federation was set up in 1993.
8. to dissolve –- распускать
is dissolved; will be dissolved; was dissolved; The first State Duma was dissolved.
№2. Найдите лишнее слово:
1) to set up; to install; to form; to destruct
2) a republic; a monarchy; a constitution; a constitutional republic
3) The State Duma; the European Union; the United Nations; the Group of Eight
№3. Найдите перевод:
1. an upper house a) Европейский союз
2. an lower house b) верхняя палата парламента
3. the United Nations c) Всемирная торговая организация
4. the European Union d) нижняя палата парламента
5. the Supreme Court e) Организация объединенных наций
6. a chairman f) депутаты
7. Federal Assembly g) Верховный Суд
8. deputies h) председатель
9. the World Trade Organization i) Федеральное собрание
№4. Переведите формы глаголов во времени: «Future Simple» по образцу:
1. to form (формировать) - will form (будет формировать), will be formed (будет сформирован)
2. to elect (избирать) - will elect (___________); will be elected (____________)
3. to involve (вовлекать) - will involve (_________); will be involved (__________)
4. to head (возглавлять) - will head (_________); will be headed (____________)
5. to win (выигрывать) - will win (_________); will be won (____________)
№5. Просмотрите текст. Какие из выделенных слов переводятся как:
процентное соотношение; граждане; предыдущие председатели; места; две попытки; списки политических партий; «Справедливая Россия»; высшее общество; несколько месяцев; нынешний председатель
The State Duma
The State Duma was formed as the lower house of the Russian parliament in 1993. The upper house is the Federation Council. The State Duma and the Federation Council are known as the Federal Assembly.
The first State Duma was set up in 1906 and was Russia's first elected parliament. The first two attempts by Tsar Nicholas the Second to make it active were ineffective. Each of these Dumas was dissolved after only a few months. The third Duma was the only one to last to the end of its 5-year period. The third Duma, elected in November 1907, was largely made up of members of the upper classes.
Now according to the Russian Constitution, the State Duma consists of 450 deputies, each elected to a period of five years. Russian citizens at least 21 years old are eligible to run for the Duma. Seats are given on the basis of the percentage of election votes won by a party.
The current chairman of the State Duma is Sergey Naryshkin. He has held the leading position since December 2011. Previous chairmen include Gennady Seleznyov (1996–2003) and Ivan Rybkin (1994–1996), Boris Gryzlov (2003-2011).
Election to the Duma is based on political party lists, with the seats being filled by the party electors. The party ” United Russia” with the leader Dmitry Medvedev has now 234 seats, “The Communist Party of the Russian Federation”( KPRF) won 92 seats, the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia (LDPR) has 56 deputies and a party “Just Russia” headed by Sergey Mironov has 64 seats.
№6. Дайте ответы на вопросы по тексту:
1. What is the name of the upper house of Russia’s Parliament?
2. What is the name of the lower house of Russia’s Parliament?
3. What is the name of Russia’s parliament?
4. How many deputies are there in the State Duma now?
5. What parties were elected to the State Duma?
6. Who is the leader of the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia?
№7. Продолжите предложения:
1) The current chairman of the State Duma is ………
2) The leader of KPRF is …..
3) Sergey Mironov is ……..
4) ……… tried to set up the first State Duma.
5) The current State Duma was formed in….
Lesson 4
Past Simple
1) Прошедшее простое время
2) Регулярное действие, факты в прошлом
3) Указатели времени:
yesterday – вчера
last week (month, year) – на прошлой неделе (месяце, году)
two days ago – 2 дня тому назад
4) Вспомогательные глаголы – did (употребляются только в вопросительных и отрицательных предложениях)
5) Положительное предложение
V2
V2 = Ved
6) Отрицательное предложение
V1
did not
7) Общий вопрос
V1
Did ?
8) Специальный вопрос
V1
Wh. did ?
№1. Образуйте прошедшую форму данных глаголов и распределите их по трем колонкам в зависимости от окончаний:
Walk, dream, wash, drop, hope, stop, spell, dry, cry, watch, dust, cook, play, open, talk, want, clean, work, cover.
| [t] | [d] | [id] |
| | | |
№2. Сделай предложения отрицательными
Vlad went to college last year.
She swam very well a year ago.
They spoke English last lesson.
He asked me a difficult question yesterday.
Father gave him a new book last week.
№3. Сделай предложения утвердительными
My friend didn’t write a test yesterday.
I didn’t watch a new film last week.
Mary didn’t write a letter a week ago.
They didn’t play basketball yesterday.
We didn’t jog last morning.
№4. Спишите предложение и подчеркните слово с ошибкой
I didn’t drank a juice yesterday.
He reads the book last week.
When do you go to the cinema last month?
I do exercises last week.
Did he ran yesterday?
№5. Составь предложение из слов
Paris, lived, in, he, yesterday.
go, did, sleep, they, to, yesterday?
Sunday, went, the, I, swimming pool, to, last.
didn’t, football, play, we.
the, did, boys, TV, when, watch?
№6. Составь общий и специальный вопросы к предложениям:
Sam went to school last year.
Kate and Nick played tennis yesterday.
We discussed the film a week ago.
I met my teacher last month.
He read the interesting book yesterday.
№7. Поставьте глагол в прошедшем времени и запишите предложения
Example: I... (not/go) to work yesterday because I … (not/be) very well.
I didn’t go to work yesterday because wasn’t very well
Tom .……(not/shave) this morning because he ……… (not/have) time.
We ………(not/eat) anything because we ……(not/be) hungry.
I .....………(not/rush) because I ……(not/be) in a hurry.
She ....……. (not/be) interested in the book because she ........(not/understand) it.
He ..……....(not/invite) me to the party, so I …….(not/come).
№8. Перепишите данные предложения в прошедшем времени:
1. I play in the field. 2. He wants to go home. 3. The driver stops the car. 4, He drinks tea every day. 5. It begins to rain. 6. They like our house. 7. I dream every night. 8. My sister cleans the room. 9. The teachers gives us dictation. 10. He sits at his desk and writes a letter. 11. Mary comes early. 12. The cat catches the fish in the river. 13. The dogs eats its dinner. 14. The boys go for a holiday. 15. Richard knows George.
Lesson 5
Moscow
№1. Match the words in the left and right columns:
| 1. Moscow State University 2. the Arbat 3. Petrovskiy Passage 4. the Tretyakov Gallery 5. the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier 6. the Bolshoy 7. Luzhniki 8. Metropol 9. Praga 10. Pushkinsky | a. department store b. theatre c. stadium d. cinema e. educational institution f. restaurant g. hotel h. museum i. monument j. street |
№2. Read and translate the text
Moscow, the capital of Russia, is one of the largest cities in the world. It was founded in 1147 by the prince Yuri Dolgorukiy. Moscow stands on the banks of the Moskva River. About 12 million people live in the city.
Moscow is famous for its historical and architectural monuments that were built by outstanding architects. The Red Square is the central and the most beautiful square in Moscow. It is the place of parades, meetings and demonstrations. There is a Cathedral of St. Basil (Василий Блаженный) built in 1552 on the Red Square. It is a masterpiece of Russian architecture.
The heart of Moscow is the Kremlin. There is a wonderful architectural ensemble with three cathedrals, the Bell tower Ivan the Great, palaces, fortress walls and twenty towers inside the Kremlin. The most famous of the towers is the Spasskaya Tower with a big clock. The Kremlin with golden domes and towers makes a strong impression on tourists.
Several skyscrapers decorate Moscow, including Moscow University and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Moscow is a scientific and cultural center with a lot of institutes, universities, libraries, museums. The city`s cultural life is very rich and various. Moscow has a lot of cinemas, clubs, concert halls, more than a hundred drama and musical theatres, including the Bolshoi Theatre, the Art Theatre, the Maly Theater, the Vakhtangov Theater.
Moscovites [ˈmʌskəʊvaɪts] are proud of their museums: the Tretyakov Gallery, Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts and many literary museums. A lot of people visit Tretyakov Art Gallery admiring beautiful pictures of Russian painters. There are a lot of stadiums, swimming pools, tennis courts and sport grounds in Moscow.
№3. Find the word and phrases in the text:
был основан, стоять на берегах, известный, выдающийся архитектор, шедевр русской архитектуры, золотые купола, производить сильное впечатление на …, научный и культурный центр, гордиться чем-либо, любоваться картинами.
№4. Insert the missing words:
1. Moscow stands ____ ____ ____ of the Moskva River.
2. Moscow is ____ for its historical and architectural monuments that were built by _____ architects.
3. It is a __________ of Russian architecture.
4. The Kremlin with _____ _______ and towers makes a strong ______ on tourists.
5. Several _______ decorate Moscow.
6. Moscovites are ___ __ their museums.
7. A lot of people visit Tretyakov Gallery _____ beautiful pictures of Russian painters.
№5. Guess the word:
1. The numerous nation of Russia is ……. (7 letters).
2. The most famous square in Russia is … … …… (3 – 3 - 6 letters)
3. The symbol of the Russia, the main Kremlin Tower is ……… ….. (9-5 letters)
4. The residence of the Russian President is … ……. (3-7 letters)
5. The treasure-house of Russian art is ……… … ……. (9-3-7 letters)
6. One of the most famous theaters in the world is … ……. ……. (3-7-7 letters)
7. The founder of Moscow is …. ……… (4-9 letters)
№6. Answer the questions
What is the capital of Russia?
When was Moscow founded?
Who founded Moscow?
What river does Moscow stand on?
What is the population of Moscow?
What is the heart of Moscow?
What tower is the symbol of Russia?
When was St. Basil`s Cathedral built?
Name the most famous museums in Moscow.
Name the most famous theatres in Moscow.
№7. Are these statements true or false? Correct the false ones.
Moscow is a small town in Russia.
Moscow is the capital of the UK.
Moscow is one of the most interesting and famous cities in Europe.
The Tretyakov Gallery is in London.
The Kremlin stands in Red Square in Moscow.
Moscow stands on the Moskva – river.
Arbat Street is in the center of Moscow.
Red Square is in London.
Spasskaya tower is in France.
Moscow is not a political and business centre.
Hermitage is in Moscow.
Tourists in London always visit The Bolshoi Theatre.
Lesson 6
Great Britain
№1. Which things belong to the United Kingdom: word - country?
Oxford University, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Big Ben, Eiffel Tower, five-o'clock tea, Brooklyn Bridge, Beefeater, Mickey Mouse, double-decker, Coca-Cola, cricket, Versailles, pudding, Stars and Stripes, Winnie-the-Pooh, Yale University, kilt, Disneyland, hamburger, Yellow Submarine, spaghetti.
№2. Match the left and right columns
| 1. Buckingham 5. Rolling 8. National Portrait | a. Park b. Gallery c. Burns d. Airways e. Palace f. Victoria h. Watson i. Stones j. Square |
№3. Who knows the name of the British national flag? Read the following text and answer the questions:
The Union Jack, or Union Flag, is the national flag of the United Kingdom. The flag also has an official or semi-official status in some other Commonwealth realms: for example, it is a ceremonial flag in Canada by parliamentary resolution, and known there as the Royal Union Flag.
Further, it is used as an official flag in some of the smaller British Overseas Territories. The Union Flag also appears in the canton (upper left-hand quarter) of the flags of several nations and territories that are former British possessions or dominions.
It symbolizes the Union of England, Scotland and Ireland and dates back from 1801. The flag is made up of the crosses of the patron saints of England, Ireland and Scotland. Wales is not represented because when the flag first appeared, it was already united with England.
How old is the Union Jack?
Where can we see it?
What is it made up?
What part of the UK is not represented?
№4. Read and translate the text
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland with an area of 244,000 square miles is situated in the British Isles, which are separated from the European continent by the North Sea, the Straits of Dover and the English Channel.
It consists of four parts - England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The population of the UK is over 62 million. Four out of five people live in towns. The largest cities in the country are London, Birmingham, Liverpool, Manchester, Glasgow and Edinburgh. Nevertheless, agriculture is also well- developed, especially sheep-breeding in Scotland.
The territory of the country is small but it has a wide variety of landscape and scenery. There are moors, rivers, lakes, mountains, hills and plains there.
Politically the UK is a monarchy: the head of state is the King or Queen. In practice the Sovereign reigns, but does not rule: Great Britain is governed by the Government. The present Sovereign is Queen Elizabeth II. The real ruler of the country is the Prime Minister representing the party in power.
The heart of the UK is England. It is the richest, the most fertile and most populated in the country. The north and the west of England are mountainous, but the remainder of the territory is a vast plain. In Northwest England there are many beautiful lakes with green, wooded or grassy shores and grey mountains all around.
The smallest country is Wales. The largest part of Wales is covered with Rocky Mountains, which are difficult to climb. Most people in Wales live in the coastal plains.
Scotland is a land of mountains, wild moorlands, narrow valleys and plains, famous lakes, known as lochs and no end of large and small islands. The Highlands of Scotland are among the oldest mountains in the world. One third of the people in Scotland live in or near its capital, Edinburgh, and its great industrial centre, Glasgow.
Northern Ireland became a part of the United Kingdom in 1920. The land is mountainous and has few natural resources. Farming, machinery and equipment manufacturing, food processing, textile and electronics manufacturing are the leading industries. Belfast is the capital and the largest city.
The capital of the UK, London, stands on the Thames. The Thames is the busiest and the most important river in the UK, but it is not very long.
№5. Are these statements true or false? Correct the false ones.
1) Great Britain consists of three parts.
2) The territory of the country is large: 244,000 square miles.
3) The smallest part is Wales.
4) Most people in Wales live in the mountains.
5) The Highlands are the oldest mountains in the world.
6) They are situated in Wales.
7) Glasgow is a great agricultural centre.
8) Northern Ireland is rich in natural resources.
9) The real ruler of the country is the Queen.
10) The United Kingdom is a parliamentary republic.
Lesson 7
Articles
№1. Study the information:
Артикль – служебное слово, которое употребляется только с существительным, на русский язык не переводится.
Артикль бывает 2-х видов:
- неопределённый
- определённый
Неопределённый артикль происходит от числительного one. Определённый артикль происходит от указательного местоимения that.
Когда мы упоминаем предмет впервые, то употребляем неопределённый артикль a (an). При вторичном упоминании – употребляется определённый артикль the. - It is a book. The book is interesting.
Неопределённый артикль употребляется: перед существительным, которое является единичным, отдельным предметом и не выделяется из класса однородных предметов.
Неопределённый артикль: а (перед согласной буквой) - a dog / an (перед гласной буквой) - an animal
Определённый артикль the произносится: [Di] (перед гласной буквой), [DE] (перед согласной буквой).
Определённый артикль употребляется:
1) с существительным в ед.ч., которое является единственным в своём роде предметом или явлением (the sun, the moon).
2) с существительным, которое имеет обобщённое значение, т.е. обозначает целый класс предметов (The cat has four paws).
3) если перед существительным стоит порядковое числительное или прилагательное в превосходной степени (the first boy, the tallest man).
Отсутствие артикля:
если существительное во мн.ч. в собирательном, обобщённом значении I like cats
если существительное обозначает вещества или отвлечённые понятия love, friendship, milk, butter, sugar
если перед существительным стоит количественное числительное, притяжательное или указательное местоимение two girls, my mother, this book
если перед существительным стоит другое существительное в притяжательном падеже brother’s name
перед существительными обозначающие титулы, звания и формы обращения, если за ними следует имя собственное Lord Bayron, Mister Jefferson
с названиями дней, месяцев, времён года Sunday, May
в ряде устойчивых выражений
at home to go to bed at lunch
at school to go to school for breakfast
by bus by heart
by car by mistake
on foot by name
№2. Fill in a or an
… man, … uniform, … bright student, … educational programme, … unusual invitation, … loving parent, … international exchange, … well-known tower, … excellent actor, … sportsman.
№3. Insert the article where necessary:
1. This is … book. It is my … book. 2. Is this your … pencil? – No, it isn’t my … pencil, it is my sister’s … pencil. 3. I have … sister. My … sister is … engineer. My sister’s … husband is … doctor. 4. I have no … handbag. 5. She has got … headache. 6. Have they got … car? – Yes, they have. Their … car is very expensive but reliable. 7. Have you got … calculator? – No, I haven’t. 8. Is this … watch? – No, it isn’t … watch, it’s … pen. 9. This … pen is good, and that … pen is bad. 10. I can see … pencil on your … table, but I can see no … paper.
№4. Fill in the gaps with a/an/the/ - .
1. He hasn’t got … car. But he’s got … computer. … computer is new. 2. My … friends have got … cat and … dog. … dog never bites … cat. 3. This is … tree. … tree is green. 4. I can see three … boys. … boys are playing. 5. I have … bicycle. … bicycle is black. My … friend has no … bicycle. 6. Our … room is large. 7. We wrote … dictation yesterday. … dictation was long. 8. She has two … daughters and one … son. Her … son is … pupil. 9. Last year I gave my … mother … bracelet for her … birthday. She liked … bracelet. 10. My … brother’s … friend has no … dog.
№5. Write the sentences in the Singular
1.There are flowers on the table. 2. Do you know these children? 3. We can see many sheep in the field. 4. Give me five pencils, please. 5. Sally is cleaning her teeth. 6. There are two chairs at the wall.
№6. Insert the article where necessary:
At... beginning of ... 19th century ... little boy was born in ... family of John Dickens, ... clerk at ... office in ... Portsmouth, and was named Charles. He had ... sister who was older than himself, arid there were several other children in ... family. When Charles was seven, he was sent to ... school. He was not... strong child. He did not like to play ... cricket or .. football and spent all his free time reading. In 1821 ... family went to ... London and little Charles left behind him ... happiest years of his childhood. His father was in ... money difficulties, and ... family became poorer and poorer. ... boy had to give up his studios. Mr. Dickens was put into ... debtors' prison. Little Charles learned to know all … horrors and cruelty of ... large capitalist city. He had to go to work at... blacking factory. He worked there from ... morning till ... night. When his father came out of prison, Charles was sent to ... school for some time. Soon he got work as ... clerk. Then he learned ... stenography and became ... reporter; in Parliament. In 1836 at... age of 24 Charles Dickens published his first book. It was ... collection of ... stories. ... title of ... book was "Sketches by Boz". There were followed by "Pickwick Papers" and "Oliver Twist" and many other famous novels. Charles Dickens is one of ... greatest writers of ... 19th century. His novels are now translated into most languages of ... world.
Lesson 8
Articles with Geographical Names
| Определённый артикль the | Нулевой артикль |
| 1. стороны света: the South, the North, the West | 1. континент: Europe |
| 2. полюсы: the North Pole, the South Pole | 2. страны: Russia |
| 3. страны во множественном числе: the Netherlands | 3. штаты: California |
| 4. страны, содержащие слова union, kingdom, republic, state, federation, emirates, empire: the Russian Federation | 4. провинции: the province of Quebec |
| 5. регионы: the Far East | 5. города: Nizhniy Novgorod |
| 6. улицы (исключения): the Arbat, the Mall | 6. села, поселки, деревни: Krasnye Baki, Chaschikha |
| 7. парки: the Gorki Park | 7. улицы: Sinyavina Street |
| 8. равнины, долины: the East European Plain | 8. мысы: Cape Horn |
| 9. пустыни: the Sahara | 9. вулканы: Volcano Etna |
| 10. горные цепи: the Urals | 10. горные вершины: Everest |
| 11. полуострова со словом peninsula: the Balkan Peninsula | 11. полуострова: Kamchatka |
| 12. группы островов: the British Isles | 12. заливы (исключения): Hudson Bay, Buffing Bay, San Francisco Bay |
| 13. плато, каньоны: the Colorado Plateau, the Grand Canyon | 13. озёра со словом lake: Lake Svetloyar |
| 14. мысы (с использование предлога of): the Cape of Good Hope | |
| 15. океаны: the Atlantic Ocean | |
| 16. моря: the Black Sea | |
| 17. реки: the Vetluga | |
| 18. озёра, группа озёр: the Baikal | |
| 19. заливы: the Persian Gulf | |
| 20. проливы: the Dover Strait | |
| 21. каналы: the English Channel, the Suez Canal | |
| 22. водопады: the Niagara Falls | |
| 23. течения: the Florida Current | |
№1. Вставьте подходящий артикль в предложения. (артикль с названиями островов и полуостровов.)
During our unforgettable tour across ___ Europe we visited many countries: ___ France, ___ Belgium and ____ Netherlands in ___ Western Europe; ___ Spain and ___ Italy in ___Southern Europe; ___ Poland and ___Belarus in ___ Eastern Europe.
The country I liked most of all was ___ amazing Italy. I got to know much about its history and culture. During the numerous excursions, I learned that ___ Medieval Italy was a real center of art.
The capital city of ___ Italy is ___Rome. It is a city that is full of history. Walking in its streets you can easily imagine ___ Rome of ancient times, because there are a lot of historical evidence of those times.
___ Rome of today is a modern beautiful city with charming and hospitable inhabitants and a lot of tourists that are eager to do the sightseeing and to visit ___ Vatican.
Next year I want to visit ____ South America and to ____ Buenos Aires in ____ Argentine.
№2. Вставьте подходящий артикль в предложения. (артикль с названиями гор, холмов, вулканов.)
1. ___ Island of Madeira is historically Portuguese territory.
2. ___ Arctic Archipelago extends from Canada to the northernmost of ___ Ellesmere Island.
3. A journey to ___ Greenland may appear to be unbelievably interesting.
4. ___ Virgin Islands, also known as ___ British Virgin Islands or ___BVI, is a British territory to the east of Puerto Rico. The islands make up considerable part of ___ Virgin Islands archipelago; the remaining islands make up ___ US Virgin Islands and ___ Spanish Virgin Islands.
5. ___ Borneo is situated in the waters of the South China Sea
№3. Вставьте подходящий артикль в предложения. (артикль с названиями областей, регионов и естественных природных объектов)
___ Himalayan range is home to the highest peaks, including ___ Mount Everest. ___ Himalayas include more than a hundred mountains exceeding 7,200 metres. By contrast, the highest peak outside Asia – ___ Aconcagua, in ___ Andes – is 6,961 metres tall.
___ Bakanovi volcano is an already extinct volcano situated 16 km east of ___ Bagana volcano.
___ Victory Peak is a mountain in___ eastern Kakshaal Range of ____ Tien Shan.
___ Chogori is the highest mountain peak in ___ Karakoram range. ___ Mt. Chogori rises to 8,611 m and is the second highest mountain in the world after ____ Chomolungma.
№4. Вставьте подходящий артикль в предложения. (артикль перед названиями областей и природных регионов)
___ Death Valley is located near the border of ___California and ___Nevada, in ___ Great Basin.
There are two lighthouses near or in ___ Cape Horn.
___ Texas is the second most populous (after ___ California) and the second-largest (after___ Alaska) state. Located in ___ south central part of the country, ___Texas borders on ___ Mexican states of ___ Chihuahua, ___ Coahuila, ___Nuevo León, and ___ Tamaulipas to ___ south.
___ Gobi covers part of ___ northern and ___northwestern China, and part of ___southern Mongolia. ___ Gobi is bounded by ___ Hexi Corridor and ___Tibetan Plateau to ___ southwest, by___ North China Plain to ___southeast. ___ Gobi is notable in history as part of ___ Silk Road.
№5. Вставьте подходящий артикль в предложения.
1. ___ Europe is bordered towards the north by ____ Arctic Ocean, towards ___ south by ___ Mediterranean Sea and ___ Black Sea, towards ___ west by ___ Atlantic Ocean and ___ east by ___ Asia.
2. The largest fresh water lake in ___ Europe is ___ Lake Ladoga in ___ north-western Russia.
3. We've booked a holiday for three weeks in ___ Canary Islands.
4. Located to _____ east of ___ Mariana Islands in ___ western Pacific Ocean, ___ Mariana Trench is the deepest known area.
5. ___ Astrakhan is located on ___Caspian Sea.
6. Once I went for my holidays to ___ Lake Baikal. It was great!
7. In ___North of ___ Britain there are higher lands and mountains.
8. ___ Pennines is a chain of mountains which is known as the backbone of ___England.
9. The longest river in ___United States is ___Mississippi.
10. ___ Urals divide ___Asia and ___Europe.
№6. Поставьте необходимый артикль перед названиями.
| 1 ___ Lake Svetloyar | 11 __ Sahara |
Lesson 9
London
1. Read and translate the text:
London is the capital of Great Britain, its political, economic and commercial centre. It is one of the largest cities in the world and the largest city in Europe. Its population is about 8 million. London is one of the oldest and most interesting cities in the world. Traditionally it is divided into several parts: the City, Westminster, the West End and the East-End. They are very different from each other and seem to belong to different towns and epochs.
The heart of London is the City, its financial and business centre. Numerous banks, offices and firms are situated there, including the Bank of England, the Stock Exchange and the Old Bailey. Few people live here, but over a million people come to the City to work. There are some famous ancient buildings within the City. Perhaps the most striking of them is St Paul's Cathedral, the greatest of English churches. It was built in the 17th century by Sir Christopher Wren. The Tower of London was founded by Julius Caesar and in 1066 rebuilt by William the Conqueror. It was used as a fortress, a palace and a prison. Now it is a museum.
Westminster is the historic, the governmental part of London. Westminster Abbey has more historic associations than any other building in Britain. Nearly all English kings and queens have been crowned here. Many outstanding states-men, scientists, writers, poets and painters are buried here: Newton, Darwin, Chaucer, Dickens, Tennyson, Kipling, etc.
Across the road from Westminster Abbey is Westminster Palace, or the Houses of Parliament, the seat of the British Parliament. The Clock Tower of the Houses of Parliament is famous for its big hour bell, known as «Big Ben». Buckingham Palace is the official residence of the Queen.
The West End is the richest and most beautiful part of London. It is the symbol of wealth and luxury. The best hotels, shops, restaurants, clubs, and theatres are situated there. There are splendid houses and lovely gardens belonging to wealthy people.
Trafalgar Square is the geographical centre of London. It was named in memory of Admiral Nelson's victory in the battle of Trafalgar in 1805. The tall Nelson's Column stands in the middle of the square. On the north side of Trafalgar Square is the National Gallery and the National Portrait Gallery. Not far away is the British Museum – the biggest museum in London. It contains a priceless collection of ancient manuscripts, coins, sculptures, etc, and is famous for its library.
2. What do you know about London? Do the quiz:
1) The population of London is about
a. 10 million
b. 5 million
c. 8 million
2) An important date in English history is 1666 when
a. the Normans of France conquered England
b. William the Conqueror became King of England
c. it was one of the worst fires in history, the Great Fire of London
3) The financial and business centre of London
a. the City
b. Westminster
c. the West-End
4) The oldest part of London
a. the City
b. Westminster
c. the West-End
5) The Queen of England lives in
a. Hampton Court Palace
b. Buckingham palace
c. the Tower of London
6) The geographical centre of London
a. Westminster Abbey
b. the Trafalgar Square
c. the City
7) The Prime Minister lives in
a. №10 Downing Street
b. Parliament Square
c. Whitehall
8) The biggest museum of London is
a. the British Museum
b. the Madame Tussaud’s museum
c. the Albert and Victoria’s museum
3. Read the postcard and answer the questions
January 14th 2016
Hi Mum and Dad,
I hope you are well. We arrived OK this morning but the flight was thirty minutes late. We went straight to the hotel and checked in. It is very nice, but it is noisy. We can hear a lot of traffic noise. The weather was bad. It was raining, but we didn’t care. Our teacher bought us all an umbrella! She got them from a market stall for £3 each! Our first visit was to the Tower of London. It is awesome! We saw the beefeaters and the ravens which never leave the Tower. Inside, we saw the Crown Jewels. Signora Belviso said she would like some of the Queen’s diamonds! We sat down at a street café for lunch and I had pizza. It was as nice as the pizza back home! Later, we took the tube and travelled to Covent Garden. There were lots of people there and they were all looking at the lovely market stalls.
Later, we came back here to the hotel and we had dinner. They gave us roast beef and Yorkshire pudding. The cook came out of the kitchen to talk to us. She said that her Yorkshire pudding was the best in the whole of the UK. I told her I thought it was really delicious, but I didn’t really like it! Much more tomorrow! Bedtime for me now,
Ciao mamma and papa, Love from Marilina
1) What nationality do you think Marilina is?
2) Who do you think she went to London with?
3) What was the weather like in London when they arrived?
4) What did the teacher do?
5) Where did they go first and what did Marilina think about it?
6) What is special about the ravens at the Tower?
7) What did Marilina have for lunch and what did she think about it?
8) How did they get to Covent Garden?
9) What was everyone doing at Covent Garden?
10) When did Marilina write this postcard and who did she write it to?
4. Match the sights of London with their descriptions.
| 1. The City of London | a) was built after the Great Fire of London |
| 2. Buckingham Palace | b) is for Queen Elizabeth’ home where she often stays at Christmas and Easter |
| 3. Trafalgar Square | c) was a fortress, a palace, a prison, a zoo, and now it is a museum |
| 4. Royal Opera House | d) is where the Queen lives |
| 5. St. Paul’s Cathedral | e) was built to remember the battle of Trafalgar |
| 6. Oxford Street | f) is London’s biggest art museum |
| 7. The National Gallery | g) is the lake in the middle of Hyde Park |
| 8. Windsor Castle | h) is one of the most famous libraries in the world |
| 9. Westminster Abbey | i) is Britain’s main banking centre |
| 10. The Speaker’s Corner | j) is London’s main shopping centre |
| 11. The Tower of London | k) is in Covent Garden |
| 12. Regent’s Park | l) is famous for its lake as well as for London Zoo |
| 13. The Serpentine | m) is the largest private collection in the world |
| 14. The Queen’s Gallery | n) is in Hyde Park where anyone can make a speech |
| 15. The British Museum | o) is famous for the Poet’s Corner |
5. Complete the sentences with the or – (no article).
1 I would like to go to _____ London.
2 _____ Tower Bridge is one of the most famous tourist attractions in London.
3 Big Ben is the part of _____ Houses of _____ Parliament.
4 In _____ Madame Tussaud’s you can see wax figures of famous people.
5 _____ Tower of London is the oldest building in _____ City.
6 _____ Nelson’s Column is in _____ Trafalgar Square.
7 If you want to go shopping in London the best place for you _____ Oxford Street.
8 _____ Buckingham Palace is the home of royal family.
7. Mark the sentences true or false.
1. There are three famous parks in London.
2. The population of London is eight million people.
3. The museums and shops always work at night.
4. London has only one river - Thames.
5. London has lots of museums and art galleries.
6. Madame Tussaud create the exhibition of wax models.
7. You can relax and have a rest in local parks.
8. There is only one bridge in London - The Tower bridge.
6. Match the place and his name
| A | B | C | D | E |
| F | G | H | I | J |
| K | L | M | N | O |
1. Trafalgar square
2. The Harrods store
3. Madame Tussaud’s Museum
4. Tower Bridge
5. Double-decker
6. Underground
7. Big Ben
8. The Tower of London
9. Buckingham Palace
10. Westminster Abbey
11. London's Yeoman Warders
12. Covent Garden
13. The Houses of Parliament
14. St Paul's Cathedral
15. The British Museum
Lesson 10
Customs, Traditions, Superstitions
№1. Read and translate the text
Good Luck
Lucky to meet a black cat. Black Cats are featured on many good luck greetings cards and birthday cards in England. Lucky to touch wood. We touch; knock on wood, to make something come true. Lucky to find a clover plant with four leaves. White heather is lucky. A horseshoe over the door brings good luck. But the horseshoe needs to be the right way up. The luck runs out of the horseshoe if it is upside down. Catch falling leaves in Autumn and you will have good luck. Every leaf means a lucky month next year. Cut your hair when the moon is waxing and you will have good luck. Putting money in the pocket of new clothes brings good luck.
Bad Luck
Unlucky to walk underneath a ladder. Seven years bad luck to break a mirror. The superstition is supposed to have originated in ancient times, when mirrors were considered to be tools of the gods. Unlucky to see one magpie, lucky to see two, etc. Unlucky to spill salt. If you do, you must throw it over your shoulder to counteract the bad luck. Unlucky to open an umbrella in doors. The number thirteen is unlucky. Friday the thirteenth is a very unlucky day. Friday is considered to be an unlucky day because Jesus was crucified on a Friday. Unlucky to put new shoes on the table. Unlucky to pass someone on the stairs.
Food Superstitions
When finished eating a boiled egg, push the spoon through the bottom of the empty shell to let the devil out. In Yorkshire, housewives used to believe that bread would not rise if there was a corpse (dead body) in the vicinity, and to cut off both ends of the loaf would make the Devil fly over the house!
Table Superstitions
If you drop a table knife expect a male visitor, if you drop a fork a female visitor. Crossed cutlery on your plate and expect a quarrel. Leave a white tablecloth on a table overnight and expect a death.
Animal Superstitions
Animals feature a lot in our superstitions as they do in superstitions around the world. One ancient British superstition holds that if a child rides on a bear's back it will be protected from whooping-cough. (Bears used to roam Britain but now they are not seen on our shores). In some parts of the UK meeting two or three Ravens together is considered really bad. One very English superstition concerns the tame Ravens at the Tower of London. It is believed if they leave then the crown of England will be lost.
It is said to be bad luck if you see bats flying and hear their cries. In the middle ages it was believed that witches were closely associated with bats. If a Sparrow enters a house it is an omen of death to one of the people who live there. In some areas it is believed that to avoid bad luck, any Sparrow caught must be immediately killed otherwise the person who caught it will die. In some areas black Rabbits are thought to host the souls of human beings. White Rabbits are said to be really witches and some believe that saying 'White Rabbit' on the first day of each month brings luck. A common lucky charm is a Rabbit's foot, but not for the Rabbit. It is thought very unlucky to have the feathers of a Peacock within the home or handle anything made with them. This is possibly because of the eye shape present upon these feathers i.e. the Evil-Eye associated with wickedness.
Wedding Superstitions
Bride and groom must not meet on the day of the wedding except at the altar. The bride should never wear her complete wedding clothes before the day. For good luck the bride should wear “something borrowed, something blue, something old and something new”.
The husband should carry his new wife over the threshold of their home.
№2. Answer the questions:
1. What is lucky to say on the first day of the month?
2. Which way up must a horse-shoe be to bring good luck?
3. What object is lucky to catch in autumn?
4. What must you do if you spill salt?
5. Is Tuesday 13th considered to be unlucky?
6. What will happen if the ravens leave the Tower of London?
7. Why is it unlucky to have the feathers of a Peacock within home?
№3. These are the main British holidays. Match the words with their equivalents:
| 1) New Year`s Day | a) День святого покровителя Северной Ирландии св. Патрика |
| 2) Good Friday | b) Пасхальное воскресение |
| 3) Easter Sunday | c) Канун дня всех святых |
| 4) May Day | d) День первого мая |
| 5) Spring Bank Holiday | e) Великая пятница |
| 6) Summer Bank Holiday | f) День святого Валентина |
| 7) Christmas Day | g) День рождественских подарков |
| 8) Boxing Day | h) Ночь Гая Фокса |
| 9) Halloween | i) Весенний день отдыха |
| 10) Guy Fawkes` Night | j) Летний день отдыха |
| 11) St. Valentine`s Day | k) Рождество |
| 12) St. Patrick`s Day (in Northern Ireland) | l) Новый год |
№4. Find the correct ending of each sentence in right column.
| 1. Christmas is celebrated on the 25th of December and… 2. English children play jokes… 3. May is the month… 4. Easter Sunday children… 5. People in the UK go… 6. On that day sons and daughters… | a) … for traditional dancing around the Maypole. b) … symbolize the birthday of Christ. c) … or tricks on other people. d) … to Trafalgar Square to see the fireworks and the fir-tree. e) … get chocolate eggs and rabbits. f) … visit their mothers and bring them flowers and presents. |
№5. Fill in the gaps with the following words and word combinations.
| a. gifts | d. February | g. Thanksgiving Day | j. the eve |
| b. the USA | e. politeness | h. cranberry sauce | k. chimney sweeps |
| c. turkey | f. wool sack | i. domestic | |
1. Halloween or … of All Saints’ Day is celebrated on October 31.
2. Though there are few … working today, a Sweeps Festival is celebrated in Rochester on the first weekend in May, in honour of this old profession.
3. St. Valentine’s Day is celebrated on … 14.
4. To present … on Christmas is a good tradition.
5. … is a characteristic feature of English people.
6. I know that many English people like … animals.
7. Thanksgiving Day is very popular in … .
8. The people can spend … with their families, as it is a four-day holiday.
9. As the … cooks, make the simple homemade … .
10. The Lord Chancellor presides over Parliament sitting on a … , which symbolizes the importance of wool in English history.
№6. Match the names of the parties and their descriptions.
| a tea party a garden party a music party a birthday party a welcome party a going-away party a holiday party a barbecue party a picnic party a fancy dress party a going places party a do-it-yourself party a when I grow-up party a skating party a pyjama party | a gathering at which tea is drunk people enjoy listening to music someone is new to your class or town to show that the day is very important everyone takes food to a nice place in the country people come dressed as film or book characters you go to the Zoo, a museum, a ball game everyone does a craft project at the party everyone is dressed in adult clothes for those who like sport children show their beautiful pajamas for people who enjoy flowers (outside the house) we get presents we are sorry to say good-bye to somebody meat or fish is prepared over an open fire |
Lesson 11
Passive Voice
В английской грамматике существует два залога: либо действительный (активный), либо страдательный (пассивный). Если подлежащее само выполняет действие, мы относим его к категории действительного залога, например, «мама часто печет пироги». В предложении видно, кто именно выполняет действие, поэтому мы переводим его в одном из времен действительного залога, в данном случае - в настоящем простом времени - “mother often bakes cakes”.
Рассмотрим другое предложение, например, «мне часто звонят», или «мне подарили подарок». В данном случае, не ясно кто именно выполняет действие, т.е. звонит и дарит подарок. Не подлежащее выполняет действие, оно испытывает воздействие со стороны другого лица. В страдательном залоге внимание обращают на результат действия.
Для образования форм страдательного залога простых времен (Indefinite / Simple tenses) используется глагол to be + participle II (третья форма глагола). «To be» в данном случае является подвижной частью этой формулы, меняющей свою форму в зависимости от времени, лица и числа подлежащего, а причастие всегда остается неизменным.
В отрицательных предложениях частица not ставится после вспомогательного глагола, а если их несколько, то после первого из них.
В вопросительных предложениях вспомогательный глагол (или первый из них) выносится на место перед подлежащим.
Дополнение в предложении с глаголом-сказуемым в пассивном залоге употребляется с предлогом by или with. Это дополнение соответствует русскому дополнению в творительном падеже без предлога. Дополнение с предлогом by выражает действующее лицо или действующую силу. Дополнение с предлогом with выражает орудие действия.
| Passive Voice | ||||
| | Simple | Progressive | Perfect | Perfect Progressive |
| Present | am is + V3 are | am is + being V3 are | have + been V3 has | ______ |
| Past | was + V3 were | was + being V3 were | had been +V3 | ______ |
| Future | shall +be V3 will | __________ | shall + have been V3 will | ______ |
В страдательном залоге не употребляются следующие глаголы:
Непереходные глаголы, т.к. при них нет объекта, который испытывал бы какое-то воздействие (напр. live, work, arrive)
Глаголы-связки be (быть), become (становиться)
Глагол have
1. Write the form of participle II (=V3)
say, know, tell, write, complete, build, sit, whitewash, lay, speak, use, answer, place, follow, construct, translate, buy, decorate, found, find, send, develop, listen
2. Put the verb in the right form (Passive)
This room (not use) last year.
The children are very excited this morning, They (take) to the theatre tonight.
My keys (return) to me. They (pick up) in the street.
Bicycles must not (leave) in the hall.
He (take) to hospital tomorrow and (operate on) the day after tomorrow.
There was nobody on the road, but the girl was afraid. She thought she (follow).
Your dress is dirty. It must (clean).
3. Rewrite sentences in a Passive voice
They teach foreign languages at this school.
We received the letter after his departure.
Have dogs ever attacked you?
Bees gather honey from flowers.
The storm drove the ship against a rock.
Who discovered the circulation of blood?
They are selling delicious fruit ice cream there now.
The old man showed us the way out of the wood.
They offered her some interesting work.
The doctor prescribed her new medicine.
They don’t think much of him.
Everybody laughed at this funny animal.
We have been looking for you the whole morning.
We shall insist on strict discipline.
He has just written this computer program.
4. Translate sentences using Passive voice
Переговоры (negotiations) все еще ведутся (to last)? — Как сообщается в газете (as told in the newspaper), они подходят к концу. Но соглашение еще не достигнуто до сих пор.
Не входите в комнату. Сейчас экзаменуют студента Петрова. Его экзаменуют уже 20 минут.
Что происходит в библиотеке? — Там сейчас обсуждаются новые книги.
Преподаватель попросил студента выучить это правило самостоятельно (by himself), так как оно было уже объяснено. «Вы были невнимательны, когда это правило объяснялось», — сказал он.
5. Complete the sentences using the correct form of “to have something done”
The Smiths ___________ the roof _______________ last year. (repair)
Molly ___________ the room ______________ next month. (decorate)
You should ___________ your eyes ___________ regularly. (test)
We ___________ the television _________________ only last year! (repair)
________ you ____________ your car ______________ regularly? (service)
How often __________ you ___________ your windows _________? (clean)
We _________________ the office _________________ every evening. (clean)
Our neighbors ___________ a new garage ___________ at the moment (build)
6. Rewrite the sentences using HAVE SOMETHING DONE
We use the structure have something done to say that we arrange for someone else to do something for us. The word order is important: the past participle (done/ repaired etc.) comes after the object.
Compare: Jill does her hair before a big mirror. (She does it herself.)
Jill had her hair done. (Someone else did it for her.)
Someone cut Kate’s hair at 13.30 pm. Kate ……………………………
The mechanic is changing Peter’s car battery. Peter …………………….
The hairdresser dyed my mother’s hair last Saturday. My mother ……...
Someone checks Henry’s guitar after every show. Henry ………………..
The dentist checks my teeth once a year. I ……………………………..
Lesson 12
What are their traditions
1. Study the following words and expressions.
custom — обычай
superstition — суеверие, примета, обычай
precedent — прецедент
politeness — вежливость
feature — черта (характера), особенность
fireplace — камин
blessing — благословение
priest — священник
to reflect — отражать
Aboriginal culture — культура аборигенов
prairie — прерия
tribal elder — старейшина племени
carved — резной
bone — кость
2. Read and translate the text:
Great Britain
Some English customs and traditions are famous all over the world. Tea and talking about the weather, for example. England is a land rich with traditions ranging from wassailing to special holiday events and superstitions.
In Great Britain there is no written constitution, only customs, traditions and precedents. Traditionally the Queen reigns but does not rule.
A typical feature of an English house is a Replace, even when there is central heating in house. Many families have pets — a dog, a cat or a bird.
Politeness is a characteristic feature of English people. They often say "Thank you", "Sorry", "Beg your pardon".
Australia
Many Australians come together on St Patrick's Day to celebrate Irish culture and remember St Patrick. Some organizations hold St Patrick's Day breakfasts and lunches where lucky draw prizes are given and Irish food and drinks are served. On St Patrick's Day parades people wear traditional Irish costumes or dress in green.
Ireland
Many families prepare their homes for Easter Sunday by doing "spring cleaning" to prepare the house for blessing by the local priest which is a religious ceremony that dates back hundreds of years.
Canada
Canadian culture reflects a heavy influence of British, American and Aboriginal culture and Editions. For example, according to Canadian Prairie etiquette, if a neighbour brings you a Plate of food, you must return the plate dirty; washing it will bring bad luck.
New Zealand
Church weddings are the most traditional marriage celebrations in New Zealand. According to a custom, the groom should not see the bride before she joins him at the front of church on their wedding day. The Maori wedding ceremony is conducted by a tribal elder and the couple is blessed in the Maori language. Wedding rings made of carved bone are also popular amongst those wishing to include the ancient culture in their wedding.
3. Are these statements true or false? Correct the false ones.
1. All English traditions are famous all over the world.
2. According to the British constitution the Queen reigns but does not rule.
3. English people like to spend their free time at home.
4. You can find fireplaces in English houses where there is no central heating.
5. British people are very polite.
6. Many Irish people come to Australia to celebrate St Patrick's Day.
7. Many Australian families do "spring cleaning" on Easter Day.
8. In New Zealand all the wedding ceremonies should be conducted in accordance with Maori customs.
9. Canadian culture reflects an influence of Australian traditions.
4. Match the word-combinations:
| decorate celebrate hang paint send pull sing invite wear watch light | costumes carols a Christmas tree crackers Christmas stockings lamps friends parades Christmas cards pictures |
5. Use the phrases below to complete the sentences and translate them:
hen party, party animal, to be a party to (something), house-warming party, party piece, party-pooper, stag party.
«Have you heard? Claire’s getting married on the 29th August. She’s having her ………….. the weekend before.»
They had a big …………….. about a month after they moved to their new place.
He got so drunk at his ……….. that he was nearly late for his own wedding.
«Oh, listen to my husband! He’s telling his golfing joke again. He does it every time we go to a party. It’s his ………………»
Jane was always the life and soul of the party. She really knew how to enjoy herself. She had a reputation for being a ………………
«Some of the people in my office are mobbing one of the sales representatives. They encouraged me to join in but I refused. I won’t ………............. it.»
«I don’t know what John sees in his new girlfriend. At parties she doesn’t dance, she never smiles, and she complains if the music is loud. She’s a real …………..!»
6. Match the title with the text:
A – Christmas
B – Hallowe'en
C – Mother's Day
D – St. Valentine’s Day
E – New Year's Day
F – Easter
1. On this day people visit their mothers and give them flowers and small presents. Husbands and children help with the meals and washing up.
2. On this day people usually visit their friends. They try to be the first person to wish good luck to their friends in the new year. There is a lot of dancing and eating. At midnight everybody joins hands and sings a special song.
3. On this day people send cards to their friends, parents and relatives. People put trees in their rooms and decorate them with toys and coloured lights. On this day children get up early in the morning. They want to see a stocking full of small presents on their beds. A traditional dinner on this holiday is roast turkey, roast potatoes and pudding.
4. People send special cards to people they love. They shouldn't write their names on the cards. The person who gets the card must guess who sent it.
5. At this holiday schools close for two weeks. People give each other chocolate eggs. Sometimes parents hide eggs in the house or in the garden and children look for them.
6. On this day they say ghosts and witches come out. Children make lanterns out of pumpkins. Some people have parties and dress as witches and ghosts. It is celebrated on the 31st of October. Children walk from house to house and ask "Trick or treat?"
7. Fill in the table with the symbols of some British holidays:
| Holiday | Symbols |
| 1. Christmas | |
| 2. Boxing Day | |
| 3. Epiphany | |
| 4. Burns Night | |
| 5. St. Valentine`s Day | |
| 6. St. Patrick`s Day | |
| 7. Pancake Day | |
| 8. Easter | |
| 9. Halloween | |
| 10. Guy Fawkes Night | |
