Comparison of Languages or What Makes us Different

The comparison of languages

Or what makes us different

The comparison of

languages

Or

what makes us

different

In our world we have:

252 countries

7111 languages

818 sounds

Phonetics

The most common sounds

86%

90%

[a] and [p]

[k],[j]

Percentage of usage in the world

96%

92%

[m]

[i]

Rarest sounds and it’s usage

ʃ̞ʼ - Jibbali

pʷˠ- Satawalese;

s̪ʰ|sʰ- Burmese;Central MazahuaS'gaw;

KarenKgalagadi

kʘ - East Taa

Khoisan sounds:

ǂ - [chh]

ǁ - [lh]

! - [kh]

ʘ - [ph]

ﺍ

ﺏ

ﺡ

ﺯ

ﺕ

ﺥ

ﺱ

ﻁ

ﺩ

ﺙ

ﺫ

ﻙ

ﻅ

ﺵ

ﺝ

ﺹ

ﻭ

ﻍ

ﺭ

ﻝ

ﺽ

ﻑ

ﻡ

ﻱ

ﻕ

ﻥ

ﻩ

/ aː /

/ b /

/ ħ / ḥ

/ z /

/ t /

/ x / x

/ s /

/ tˁ / ṭ

/ d / d

/ θ / th

/ ð / dh

/ k / k

/ ðˁ /ẓ

/ ʃ / sh,

/ d͡ʒ ~ ɡ /j, dj,

/ sˁ / ṣ

/ w , uː /

/ ɣ / ġ

/ r /

/ l /

/ dˁ / ḍ

/ f /

/ m /

/ j ,  iː /

/ q /

/ n /

/ h /

Phonology

Instruments of word creation:

• Tone
• Empathies
• Length
• Distinctive sounds

bao = мешок

= строгать

= сказать

= тайфун

= храбрый

= газета

Chinese

妈 [mā]-mum;

麻 [má]-hemp;

马 [mǎ]-hors;

骂 [mà]- to curse

bao

bảo

speak

bag

bào

bạo

Vietnamese

plane

brave

newspaper

cyclone

bão

báo

té (tea)

te (to you)

Empathis

Spanish:

te

té

Russian:

tea

to you

Spanish

замо́к

ЗА́МОК

Russian

desert

dessert

English

ЗамОк ЗАмок

English: desert dessert

ship

sheep

pen

pan

man

men

Lexis

Leader, лидер 리더 リーダー lider

Spreading of words through inventions:

Fitness, фитнесс 피트니스 フィットネス

Sport, спорт 스포츠 スポーツ sporti

Philosophy, философия Filosofía Philosophie Philosophie

Leader, лидер, 리더 , リーダー , lider

Philosophy философия Filosofía Philosophie

Sport, спорт, 스포츠 , スポーツ , sporti

US: Gas station UK: Petrol station AS: SERVO (Service station)

US: Cookie

UK: Biscuit

Sneakers Us Trainers UK Runners (A) Gas station Petrol station SERVO (Service station) Friese Chips

• Flip-Flops
• Sandals
• Thongs
• Cotton Candy
• Candy Floss
• Fairy Floss
• CooKie (English fat cookies)
• Biscuit (American Bread)

US: Sneakers

UK: Trainers

AS: Runners

US: Cotton Candy

UK: Candy Floss

AS: Fairy Floss

Fika (Swedish)

‘ scheduled coffee breack’

Treppenwitz (German)

‘ staircase joke’

Gigil (Philippines)

Cafune (Portuguese)

‘ extreme urge to hug’

Saudade (Portuguese)

’’ filling of nostalgia’

Dar un toque (Spanish)

‘ give a touch ’

Viitsima (Estonian)

‘ feeling of laziness’

Syntax

Different order -- different meanings

John ate a doughnut.

A doughnut ate John.

Thomas hit Sam.

Sam hit Thomas.

Different order -- different meanings

Russian: ‘В комнату вошёл человек”

English: “A person entered the room,”

Russian: “Человек вошёл в комнату”

English: “The person entered the room.”

English: SVO I ate an apple

Japanese: SOV

私は林檎を食べた Watashi wa ringo o tabemashita

Arabic: VSO

أكلت تفاح Vso

Akal-tu (ana) tufaaha

Ate I apple